If You’re Fasting, Should You Still Take Supplements? What Athletes Get Wrong

Athletes who use intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, or occasional longer fasts often ask a practical question: can I still take my usual supplements, or will capsules, pills, and calorie...

VO2 Max by Age: What It Is, Why It Falls, and How to Tell If Yours Is Rising

VO2 max is the most oxygen your body can use during hard exercise. It peaks in the late 20s or early 30s, then declines about 10 percent per decade in people who stop training hard. Adults who keep...

When Hybrid Athletes Should Take Caffeine, and When It Is Quietly Costing the Next Session

Most hybrid athletes do not have a caffeine problem. They have a timing problem. The same 200 mg that makes a morning interval session feel sharp can still be in the system at lights-out, and the s...

Do Endurance Athletes Need to Check Vitamin D Status—or Only Worry When Bloodwork Shows a Deficit?

Endurance athletes spend more time outside than almost anyone. Long runs before work. Saturday rides that eat the morning. Track sessions under a high sun. If vitamin D were only a sunshine story, ...